


Part of the process for achieving this aim, as described in this excerpt, was finding bombing targets that were both strategic and accessible. They hoped to use the devastating force of newly developed atomic weapons to force a rapid end to the war and avoid a lengthy invasion of Japan. US leaders realized that defeating Japan would require immense human and economic resources from countries already exhausted by years of war. By this time, US air raids had been dropping firebombs throughout much of Japan for months, and intense ground fighting was going on in parts of the Pacific. Intended to show Allied military dominance and the futility of a continued war effort by the Japanese, the bombings leveled large parts of the cities and killed more than one hundred thousand people, military and civilian alike. In August 1945, the US military used two atomic bombs against the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

